\u4e00\u3001\u7e3d\u9ad4\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Overall Positioning<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u62c9\u5ca1\uff08Jacques Lacan\uff0c1901\u20141981\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u300c\u56de\u6b78\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u300d\u2014\u2014\u56de\u5230\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u62c9\u5ca1\u5f15\u5165\u5f8c\u7d22\u7dd2\u723e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b26\u865f\u5b78\uff0c\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6539\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jacques Lacan (1901\u20131981) was a French psychoanalyst and one of the central figures of structuralism and post-structuralism, often called \u201cthe French Freud.\u201d His theoretical mission was to \u201creturn to Freud\u201d\u2014to return to Freud\u2019s discovery of the unconscious: the center of the human being is not the conscious ego but the subject of the unconscious. Lacan introduced post-Saussurean linguistics, Hegelian dialectics, and structuralist semiotics, radically transforming traditional psychoanalysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u554f\u984c\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\uff1f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u7d50\u69cb\uff1f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u627f\u64d4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The core question of Lacanian theory is always the question of the subject: How is the subject formed? How is the subject structured by language, desire, and the Other? How does the subject assume its own desire?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8ad6\u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Core Theoretical Framework<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Three Orders: Imaginary, Symbolic, Real<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u754c\u2014\u8c61\u5fb5\u754c\u2014\u5be6\u5728\u754c\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u754c\u57df\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002\u4e09\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8a00\u8a9e\u5c55\u958b\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u4ea4\u754c\u800c\u7121\u4ea4\u5272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan proposes the \u201cImaginary\u2013Symbolic\u2013Real\u201d as the three great orders of subjective existence, constituting the three dimensions of human subjectivity. They are not three layers of the psychic structure but three orders in which speech unfolds; they have borders but no mutual exchange.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u60f3\u50cf\u754c\u4ee5\u93e1\u50cf\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u81ea\u6200\u3001\u8a8d\u540c\u8207\u4fb5\u7565\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff1b\u81ea\u6200\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u60f3\u50cf\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Imaginary is based on mirror relations; it is the domain of the ego, narcissism, identification, and aggression; narcissism is the foundation of all imaginary relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8c61\u5fb5\u754c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u8c61\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5c0d\u53e6\u5169\u500b\u754c\u57df\u8d77\u7d50\u69cb\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u300c\u8c61\u5fb5\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u73fe\u5be6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Symbolic is the system of representation founded on language; it structures the other two orders; \u201cthe symbolic is the direct reality of the subject.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5be6\u5728\u754c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u4f5c\u70ba\u7f3a\u5834\u7684\u5728\u5834\u300d\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c61\u5fb5\u5316\u7684\u3001\u73fe\u8c61\u6027\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u75c7\u72c0\u90fd\u56e0\u8457\u8ff7\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u7f3a\u5834\u6240\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Real is a kind of \u201cpresence as absence\u201d; it is the phenomenal reality that cannot be symbolized; all symptoms arise from a fascination with this absence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u754c\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u8655\u5c0d\u61c9\u4eba\u985e\u4e09\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u611f\uff1a\u5be6\u5728\u754c\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u754c\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u8655\u662f\u7121\u77e5\uff0c\u60f3\u50cf\u754c\u8207\u8c61\u5fb5\u754c\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u8655\u662f\u611b\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u754c\u8207\u60f3\u50cf\u754c\u7684\u4ea4\u754c\u8655\u5247\u662f\u6068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The borders between the three orders correspond to three fundamental human affects: the border between the Real and the Symbolic is ignorance; between the Imaginary and the Symbolic is love; between the Real and the Imaginary is hate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Mirror Stage: Birth and Alienation of the Ego<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6\u81f318\u500b\u6708\u7684\u5b30\u5152\u5728\u93e1\u5b50\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u4e00\u93e1\u50cf\u8a8d\u540c\u70ba\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u3002\u93e1\u50cf\u968e\u6bb5\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u6b3a\u7684\u77ac\u9593\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u865b\u5e7b\u5f71\u50cf\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u8ff7\u6200\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u8d77\u9ede\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff1b\u4eba\u5011\u82e6\u82e6\u5c0b\u627e\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u6642\uff0c\u5b83\u537b\u5916\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4ed6\u8005\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The infant between 6 and 18 months sees its complete image in the mirror and identifies this mirror image as the \u201cego.\u201d The mirror stage is a moment of self-deception, a process of fascination caused by an illusory image, and the starting point of imaginary thinking. The ego is not its own master; people search arduously for the ego, but when they find it, it is external to them, always existing as an Other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u95dc\u9375\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5929\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u8a8d\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u8c61\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f7f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7570\u5316\u7684\u5e7b\u8c61\u3002\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u81ea\u6200\u6027\u76f8\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u662f\u5176\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u6200\u548c\u4fb5\u7565\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5984\u60f3\u72c2\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u62c9\u5ca1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u7269\u5c0d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5177\u6709\u80fd\u52d5\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u6210\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Key conclusion: The ego is not innate; it is constructed through identification with an external image. The ego is essentially an imaginary function, an illusion that alienates the subject. Accompanied by the narcissism of the ego is its aggressivity\u2014narcissism and aggressivity constitute the paranoid structure of the ego. Lacan\u2019s basic view is that people and things outside the ego actively constitute the subject; the subject\u2019s formation is grounded in its relation to the Other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Unconscious Theory: The Unconscious Is Structured Like a Language<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u65b7\u8a00\uff1a\u300c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5177\u6709\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u300d\u3002\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a71\u8a9e\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u300d\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan asserts: \u201cThe unconscious is structured like a language,\u201d and further proposes: \u201cThe unconscious is the discourse of the Other.\u201d The unconscious not only has a structure like language, but is itself a kind of discourse\u2014it is the discourse of the \u201cOther.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff1a\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u6df1\u6df5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e00\u6a23\u88ab\u7d50\u69cb\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5922\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u51dd\u7e2e\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u79fb\u7f6e\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u96b1\u55bb\u548c\u63db\u55bb\u9019\u5169\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4fee\u8fad\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u88ab\u8a71\u8a9e\u6240\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\uff0c\u807d\u5f9e\u65bc\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This means: the unconscious is not an instinctual chaotic abyss, but is structured like language. The dream-work\u2014condensation and displacement\u2014corresponds to the two basic rhetorical figures of metaphor and metonymy. The subject of the unconscious is structured by discourse and obeys the command of discourse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6316\u6398\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u300c\u6df1\u5c64\u610f\u7fa9\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5206\u6790\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u5206\u6790\u8005\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u300c\u5145\u5be6\u7684\u8a00\u8a9e\u300d\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u8b93\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u6b32\u671b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5be6\u73fe\u70ba\u8c61\u5fb5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thus, the task of psychoanalysis is no longer to excavate a hidden \u201cdeep meaning,\u201d but to analyze the structure of unconscious discourse. The analyst represents the Other, enabling \u201cfull speech\u201d to emerge, thereby allowing the desiring subject of the unconscious to be realized as a symbolic subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Signifier Theory: The Subject Emerges in the Gap Between Signifiers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u5f9e\u7d22\u7dd2\u723e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4f46\u505a\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u7ffb\u8f49\uff1a\u8a9e\u8a00\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e0d\u662f\u7b26\u865f\uff08\u80fd\u6307\uff0b\u6240\u6307\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u6307\u3002\u80fd\u6307\u8868\u5fb5\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6307\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u80fd\u6307\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684\u7a7a\u9699\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan starts from Saussurean linguistics but makes a key reversal: the basic unit of linguistic structure is not the sign (signifier + signified), but the signifier. The signifier does not represent the signified, but the subject. The subject emerges in the gap between signifiers that mutually replace one another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u9019\u4e00\u7406\u8ad6\u91cd\u65b0\u95e1\u91cb\u4e86\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7d50\uff1a\u4fc4\u72c4\u6d66\u65af\u60c5\u7d50\u7684\u6d88\u89e3\u662f\u300c\u7236\u540d\u96b1\u55bb\u300d\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u6307\uff08\u7236\u540d\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u6307\uff08\u6bcd\u89aa\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\uff08\u8c61\u5fb5\u79e9\u5e8f\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\u83f2\u52d2\u65af\uff08\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u80fd\u6307\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
This theory reinterprets the Oedipus complex: the dissolution of the Oedipus complex is the result of the \u201cName-of-the-Father metaphor\u201d\u2014one signifier (the Name-of-the-Father) replaces another signifier (the mother\u2019s desire), and the Other (the symbolic order) replaces the phallus (the signifier of desire).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Desire Theory: Desire Is the Desire for Lack<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u2014\u2014\u9019\u662f\u62c9\u5ca1\u6b32\u671b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u547d\u984c\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u65b7\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u5c64\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff1b\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u5c0d\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\uff1b\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba\u6b32\u671b\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThe desire of man is the desire of the Other\u201d\u2014this is the core proposition of Lacanian desire theory. This proposition contains three meanings: desire is a response to the Other\u2019s desire; desire is a longing for lack; desire is the desire to become the object of the other\u2019s desire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b32\u671b\u7e3d\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6216\u7f3a\u5834\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u5b83\u6700\u521d\u4f9d\u9644\u65bc\u50cf\uff08\u93e1\u50cf\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u53c8\u5bc4\u751f\u65bc\u8a5e\uff08\u8a9e\u8a00\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5f9e\u50cf\u5230\u8a5e\uff0c\u6b32\u671b\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u5c45\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Desire can never be satisfied because, fundamentally, it is a desire for lack or absence. It first attaches to the image (the mirror image), then parasitizes the word (language)\u2014from image to word, desire finds its dwelling place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u7522\u751f\u7d93\u6b77\u5f9e\u300c\u9700\u8981\u300d\u5230\u300c\u8981\u6c42\u300d\u518d\u5230\u300c\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u7684\u8faf\u8b49\u904e\u7a0b\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6307\u5411\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u611b\u548c\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u800c\u6b32\u671b\u5247\u662f\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u88ab\u6eff\u8db3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5269\u9918\u7684\u3001\u6c38\u9060\u7121\u6cd5\u586b\u88dc\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The production of desire undergoes a dialectical process from \u201cneed\u201d to \u201cdemand\u201d to \u201cdesire\u201d: need can be satisfied; demand is directed toward the Other\u2019s love and recognition; desire is the remainder left after demand is satisfied, a lack that can never be filled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5ca1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6fc0\u9032\u547d\u984c\uff1a\u4e0d\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u300c\u9019\u500b\u6cd5\u5247\u6240\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u60df\u4e00\u7f6a\u904e\u4fbf\u662f\u5c0d\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In the ethics of psychoanalysis, Lacan proposes a radical proposition: not giving up on one\u2019s own desire is the subject\u2019s sole ethical law. \u201cThe only sin this law recognizes is betrayal of one\u2019s desire.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fantasy: The Structure That Veils Lack<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e7b\u8c61\u516c\u5f0f $\u25c7a \u662f\u62c9\u5ca1\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\u5de6\u908a\u7684 $ \u662f\u88ab\u5283\u69d3\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u8c61\u5fb5\u754c\u6240\u95b9\u5272\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff1b\u53f3\u908a\u7684 a \u662f\u5c0d\u8c61a\uff0c\u5373\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u2014\u539f\u56e0\uff1b\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u5c0f\u83f1\u5f62 \u25c7 \u662f\u5e7b\u8c61\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u628a\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u5c0d\u8c61a\u7f6e\u65bc\u5e7b\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u5c0d\u8c61a\u5404\u5f97\u5176\u6240\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The fantasy formula $\u25c7a is a core concept in Lacanian theory. On the left, $ is the barred subject, the subject castrated by the Symbolic; on the right, a is objet a, the object-cause of desire; in the middle, the lozenge \u25c7 is the fantasy frame, placing the subject and objet a within fantasy, giving each its proper place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e7b\u8c61\u662f\u5c0d\u300cChe vuoi\uff08\u4f60\u5230\u5e95\u60f3\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff09\u300d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5c0d\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u96e3\u4ee5\u5fcd\u53d7\u4e4b\u8b0e\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5c0d\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u4e4b\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff1b\u4f46\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5e7b\u8c61\u81ea\u8eab\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5ea7\u6a19\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u6b32\u671b\u67d0\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u3002\u5e7b\u8c61\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff08\u300c\u8868\u73fe\u6b32\u671b\u4e4b\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5834\u666f\u300d\uff09\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u8aa4\u5c0e\uff1a\u5728\u5e7b\u8c61\u5834\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b32\u671b\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u5be6\u73fe\u3001\u88ab\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u5efa\u69cb\u2014\u2014\u901a\u904e\u5e7b\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u8457\u300c\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fantasy is the answer to \u201cChe vuoi?\u201d (\u201cWhat do you want?\u201d), the answer to the unbearable enigma of the Other\u2019s desire, the answer to the Other\u2019s lack; but at the same time, it is fantasy itself that provides the coordinate system for our desire\u2014it provides a frame that enables us to desire something. The usual definition of fantasy (\u201can imagined scenario representing the realization of desire\u201d) is therefore somewhat misleading: in the fantasy scenario, desire is not realized or satisfied but constructed\u2014through fantasy, we learn \u201chow to desire.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e7b\u8c61\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u652f\u6490\u6027\u7684\uff1a\u5b83\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u4f86\u63a9\u84cb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5331\u4e4f\u8207\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u3002\u7576\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u628a\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u8c61\u5fb5\u5316\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u7528\u5e7b\u60f3\u53bb\u63a9\u98fe\u5b83\u3002\u5e7b\u8c61\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u9677\u9631\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4fe1\u865f\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u793a\u4f60\u5c1a\u672a\u627f\u64d4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Fantasy is essentially supportive: it uses a visible object to veil the subject\u2019s lack and uncertainty as a subject. When the subject cannot symbolize the real lack, it uses fantasy to conceal it. Fantasy is not always a trap, but a signal\u2014a signal that you have not yet assumed your own desire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u89c0\u9ede\u901f\u89bd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Core Propositions at a Glance<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56db\u3001\u7d93\u5178\u91d1\u53e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Key Quotations<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u95dc\u65bc\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u8a9e\u8a00<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On the Unconscious and Language<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5177\u6709\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cThe unconscious is structured like a language.\u201d
French: L\u2019inconscient est structur\u00e9 comme un langage.
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cThe unconscious is the discourse of the Other.\u201d
French: L\u2019inconscient, c\u2019est le discours de l\u2019Autre.
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u9032\u5165\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u78e8\u574a\u4e4b\u8f2a\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u7e3d\u662f\u8aaa\u4e86\u6bd4\u4f60\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cOnce you enter the mill-wheel of discourse, your speech always says more than you say.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u95dc\u65bc\u6b32\u671b\u8207\u611b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Desire and Love<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cThe desire of man is the desire of the Other.\u201d
French: Le d\u00e9sir de l\u2019homme, c\u2019est le d\u00e9sir de l\u2019Autre.
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u611b\u5c31\u662f\u7d66\u4e88\u81ea\u5df1\u6c92\u6709\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cLove is giving what one does not have.\u201d
French: Aimer, c\u2019est donner ce qu\u2019on n\u2019a pas.
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5728\u4f60\u8eab\u4e0a\u611b\u8457\u6bd4\u4f60\u9084\u591a\u7684\u6771\u897f\u300d\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5c0d\u8c61a\uff0c\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002
English: \u201cI love in you something more than you\u201d\u2014that is, objet a, the cause of desire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u95dc\u65bc\u6027\u8207\u4e3b\u9ad4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Sexuality and the Subject<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cThere is no sexual relationship.\u201d
French: Il n\u2019y a pas de rapport sexuel.
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cThere is the One.\u201d
French: Y a d\u2019l\u2019Un.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u95dc\u65bc\u502b\u7406\u8207\u6b32\u671b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On Ethics and Desire<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u662f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u9952\u6055\u7684\u7f6a\u904e\uff0c\u662f\u5c0d\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u3002
English: \u201cNot giving up on one\u2019s own desire\u201d is the sole ethical law of psychoanalysis. The only unforgivable sin is betrayal of desire.
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u5206\u6790\u8005\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6b32\u671b\u2014\u2014\u6de8\u5316\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u75c5\u614b\u60f3\u50cf\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002
English: \u201cThe analyst\u2019s desire\u201d is a pure symbolic desire\u2014a desire purified of all pathological imaginary contents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u95dc\u65bc\u5927\u4ed6\u8005<\/p>\n\n\n\n
On the Big Other<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cThere is no big Other.\u201d
French: Il n\u2019y a pas de grand Autre.
\u00b7 \u4e2d\u6587\uff1a\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u8a71\u8a9e\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6d1e\u7684\u3002\u300d
English: \u201cThe subject is the discourse of the Other\u2026 but the Other itself is also lacking, perforated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Major Contributions<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Linguistic Turn in Psychoanalysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u904b\u7528\u5f8c\u7d22\u7dd2\u723e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u548c\u7b26\u865f\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u7684\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u8f49\u5411\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u5c07\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u5168\u90e8\u7f6e\u65bc\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u7b26\u865f\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u95e1\u91cb\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u53d6\u5411\u8f49\u5411\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\uff1a\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u50cf\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e00\u6a23\u88ab\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan used post-Saussurean linguistics and semiotic theory to radically transform traditional psychoanalysis, achieving the \u201clinguistic turn\u201d in psychoanalysis. He reinterpreted concepts such as the unconscious, desire, and the subject entirely within the framework of language and signs, shifting psychoanalysis from a biological orientation to a structuralist and linguistic one. Its core formula is: the unconscious is structured like a language; psychoanalysis thus becomes a kind of linguistic analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Revolution in Subjectivity Theory<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u6253\u64ca\u59cb\u65bc\u5c3c\u91c7\u3001\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u3001\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u62c9\u5ca1\u5247\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u5f0f\u7684\u9769\u547d\u300d\u63a8\u5411\u7e31\u6df1\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u300d\u4e0d\u904e\u662f\u60f3\u50cf\u6027\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5e7b\u8c61\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u662f\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff0c\u662f\u88ab\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u300c\u60f3\u50cf\u2014\u8c61\u5fb5\u2014\u5be6\u5728\u300d\u4e09\u754c\u7406\u8ad6\u70ba\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u985e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u62d3\u64b2\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
If the assault on the traditional Western conception of subjectivity began with Nietzsche, Marx, and Freud, Lacan pushed this \u201cCopernican revolution\u201d further\u2014he revealed that the \u201cego\u201d is nothing but an illusion of imaginary identification, and that the true subject is the subject of the unconscious, structured by language and the Other. The \u201cImaginary\u2013Symbolic\u2013Real\u201d theory provides a brand-new topological framework for understanding human subjectivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Innovation in Clinical Psychoanalysis<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7406\u8ad6\u5206\u56db\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u5f9e\u60f3\u50cf\u754c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5f62\u6210\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5230\u8c61\u5fb5\u754c\u7684\u767c\u75c5\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5be6\u5728\u754c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u901a\u904e\u300c\u8056\u72c0\u300d\u7d10\u7d50\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u7406\u8ad6\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5927\u773e\u5f9e\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u7bc4\u570d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan\u2019s theory of psychosis unfolds in four stages: from the imaginary formation mechanism of psychosis, to the symbolic pathogenesis, to the stability of psychosis in the Real, and finally to the personality structure of psychosis knotted through the \u201csinthome.\u201d This theory prompted the public to understand the clinical structure of psychosis from a psychoanalytic perspective and expanded the therapeutic scope of psychoanalysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Broad Interdisciplinary Influence<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u9060\u4e0d\u6b62\u65bc\u5fc3\u7406\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c0d\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u885d\u64ca\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan\u2019s influence extends far beyond psychoanalysis; its impact on philosophy, literature, and cultural criticism may be even greater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7 \u54f2\u5b78\uff1a\u9f4a\u6fa4\u514b\u7528\u62c9\u5ca1\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u300c\u63a5\u7ba1\u300d\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9014\u5f91\uff1b\u963f\u723e\u90fd\u585e\u7684\u300c\u8a62\u559a\u300d\u7406\u8ad6\u6df1\u53d7\u62c9\u5ca1\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
Philosophy: \u017di\u017eek uses Lacanian psychoanalysis to \u201ctake over\u201d the problem of ideology, expanding the research approach of ideology theory; Althusser\u2019s theory of \u201cinterpellation\u201d was deeply influenced by Lacan.
\u00b7 \u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u62c9\u5ca1\u5f15\u5165\u5f8c\u7d22\u7dd2\u723e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\uff0c\u5be6\u73fe\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8f49\u5411\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u5f8c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002
Feminism: Lacan introduced post-Saussurean linguistics and achieved the linguistic turn in psychoanalysis; his theory is one of the most important theoretical resources for postmodern feminism, especially French feminism.
\u00b7 \u6587\u5b78\u8207\u6587\u5316\u6279\u8a55\uff1a\u62c9\u5ca1\u5c0d\u300a\u88ab\u7aca\u7684\u4fe1\u300b\u300a\u54c8\u59c6\u96f7\u7279\u300b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u95dc\u6ce8\u6587\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\u7d50\u69cb\u6240\u555f\u793a\u7684\u300c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u771f\u7406\u300d\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u6279\u8a55\u7684\u9748\u611f\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002
Literary and cultural criticism: Lacan\u2019s textual analyses of \u201cThe Purloined Letter\u201d and \u201cHamlet\u201d opened a critical path concerned with the \u201ctruth of the subject\u201d revealed by textual form and structure, becoming a source of inspiration for contemporary ideological criticism.
\u00b7 \u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\uff1a\u5176\u7406\u8ad6\u9084\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78\u3001\u6cd5\u5b78\u3001\u50b3\u64ad\u5b78\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002
Other fields: His theory has also influenced the development of political science, law, communication studies, pedagogy, and many other fields.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Refounding Ethics<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u5c07\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u300c\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u4e0d\u653e\u68c4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u547d\u984c\u985b\u8986\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u6b32\u671b\u8207\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\u95dc\u4fc2\u2014\u2014\u6cd5\u5247\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u5c0d\u6b32\u671b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u652f\u6490\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u3002\u62c9\u5ca1\u6240\u8a00\u7684\u300c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u8207\u85a9\u5fb7\u4e00\u81f4\u300d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u6b63\u5728\u65bc\u6b64\uff1a\u85a9\u5fb7\u95dc\u65bc\u7121\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u8072\u7a31\u5305\u542b\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u5eb7\u5fb7\u502b\u7406\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u56b4\u683c\u6a19\u6e96\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u9019\u662f\u62c9\u5ca1\u985b\u8986\u90a3\u500b\u80cc\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u4f46\u9060\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u53cd\u5c0d\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6b32\u671b\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u548c\u652f\u6490\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan grounds the ethics of psychoanalysis in \u201cdesire,\u201d proposing \u201cnot giving up on one\u2019s own desire\u201d as the subject\u2019s sole ethical law. This proposition overturns the opposition between desire and law in traditional ethics\u2014law is not opposed to desire but supports it. This is precisely the meaning of Lacan\u2019s statement that \u201cKant is consistent with Sade\u201d: Sade\u2019s claim about limitless desire contains a command that is completely consistent with the strict standard of Kantian ethical activity. This is how Lacan overturns that antinomy\u2014it is a law, but far from opposing desire, it is the law of desire itself and the command that supports desire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u516d\u3001\u62c9\u5ca1\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u300c\u5e7b\u60f3\u8207\u884c\u52d5\u300d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Position of Lacanian Thought in the Discussion of \u201cFantasy and Action\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u56de\u9867\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u5e7b\u60f3\u8207\u884c\u52d5\u300d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u62c9\u5ca1\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u61c9\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Recalling the discussion of \u201cfantasy and action,\u201d we can see the direct application of Lacanian theory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00b7 \u300c\u5e7b\u60f3\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7528\u7406\u60f3\u5c0d\u8c61\u63a9\u84cb\u5331\u4e4f\u300d\u5c0d\u61c9\u5e7b\u8c61\u7406\u8ad6\uff08\u25c7a\uff09\u2014\u2014\u5e7b\u8c61\u662f\u5ea7\u67b6\u6211\u5011\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u5c0d\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u6b32\u671b\u6df1\u6df5\u7684\u62b5\u79a6\u3002
\u201cFantasy is the subject using an ideal object to veil lack\u201d corresponds to fantasy theory (\u25c7a)\u2014fantasy is the frame that coordinates our desire and also a defense against the abyss of the Other\u2019s desire.
\u00b7 \u300c\u7f3a\u5931\u7121\u6cd5\u8c61\u5fb5\u5316\u5c31\u9677\u5165\u5e7b\u60f3\u300d\u5c0d\u61c9\u8c61\u5fb5\u754c\u8207\u5be6\u5728\u754c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u2014\u2014\u5be6\u5728\u754c\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u88ab\u8c61\u5fb5\u5316\u7684\u7f3a\u5834\u3002
\u201cWhen lack cannot be symbolized, one falls into fantasy\u201d corresponds to the relation between the Symbolic and the Real\u2014the Real is the absence that cannot be symbolized.
\u00b7 \u300c\u54c0\u60bc\u7f3a\u5931\u3001\u6607\u83ef\u6b32\u671b\u300d\u5c0d\u61c9\u6b32\u671b\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u653e\u68c4\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u62c9\u5ca1\u5728\u300a\u7814\u8a0e\u73ed\u5831\u544aVII\u300b\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u74b0\u7bc0\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b32\u671b\u6216\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u9032\u884c\u67d0\u7a2e\u300c\u6607\u83ef\u300d\u3002
\u201cMourning lack and sublimating desire\u201d corresponds to the ethics of desire\u2014not giving up desire, but transforming it into action. In Seminar VII, Lacan proposes that the most crucial step is a certain \u201csublimation\u201d of the object of desire or drive in practice.
\u00b7 \u300c\u884c\u52d5\u74e6\u89e3\u5e7b\u60f3\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u4e3b\u9ad4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u300d\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u627f\u64d4\u2014\u2014\u5f9e\u88ab\u5927\u4ed6\u8005\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8f49\u5411\u4ee5\u884c\u52d5\u627f\u64d4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002
\u201cAction dissolves fantasy and establishes the subject\u2019s position\u201d corresponds to the assumption of subjectivity\u2014from a position structured by the Other to assuming one\u2019s own desire through action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7d50\u8a9e<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Concluding Proposition<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u5ca1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6559\u8aa8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc3\u7e2e\u70ba\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lacan\u2019s core teaching can be condensed into one sentence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u300c\u4f60\u4e0d\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff1b\u4e0d\u8981\u653e\u68c4\u4f60\u7684\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5b78\u6703\u5728\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u627f\u64d4\u5b83\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cYou are not your ego; you are your desire. Do not give up on your desire, but learn to assume it in reality.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u4e00\u3001\u7e3d\u9ad4\u5b9a\u4f4d Overall Positioning \u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u62c9\u5ca1\uff08Jacques Lacan\uff0c1901\u20141981\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u5f8c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u300d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4f7f\u547d\u662f\u300c\u56de\u6b78\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u300d\u2014\u2014\u56de\u5230\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u5c0d\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u62c9\u5ca1\u5f15\u5165\u5f8c\u7d22\u7dd2\u723e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u8207\u7d50\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7b26\u865f\u5b78\uff0c\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u7cbe\u795e\u5206\u6790\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u9769\u547d\u6027\u6539\u9020\u3002 Jacques Lacan (1901\u20131981) was a French psychoanalyst and one of the central figures of structuralism and post-structuralism, often called \u201cthe French Freud.\u201d His theoretical mission was to \u201creturn to Freud\u201d\u2014to return to Freud\u2019s discovery of the unconscious: the center of the human being is not the conscious ego but the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=439"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":440,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439\/revisions\/440"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}