{"id":219,"date":"2026-08-24T10:51:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T02:51:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/?p=219"},"modified":"2026-08-24T10:51:49","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T02:51:49","slug":"the-four-major-german-idealists-core-ideas-and-a-biblical-christian-comparison%e5%be%b7%e5%9c%8b%e5%94%af%e5%bf%83%e8%ab%96%e5%9b%9b%e5%a4%a7%e5%93%b2%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6%ef%bc%9a%e6%a0%b8%e5%bf%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/?p=219","title":{"rendered":"The Four Major German Idealists: Core Ideas and a Biblical-Christian Comparison\u5fb7\u570b\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u56db\u5927\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff1a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u8056\u7d93\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c0d\u7167"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7e3d\u89bd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5fb7\u570b\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u56db\u5927\u5929\u738b\u901a\u5e38\u6307\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u3001\u8cbb\u5e0c\u7279\u3001\u8b1d\u6797\u3001\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u8a66\u5716\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u8005\u300d\u3002<br>The four major figures of German Idealism are usually Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel; each sought to understand \u201cthe Absolute\u201d through human reason, subjectivity, nature, or history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5247\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u8207\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7684\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u8d77\u9ede\uff1a\u795e\u5148\u65bc\u4eba\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u4e3b\u52d5\u85c9\u5275\u9020\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u555f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<br>Christian faith begins with the distinction between Creator and creation: God exists prior to humanity and freely reveals himself through creation, Scripture, and Christ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5eb7\u5fb7 Kant<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u300c\u5148\u9a57\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u300d\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u4e3b\u52d5\u6574\u7406\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e8b\u7269\u5411\u6211\u5011\u986f\u73fe\u7684\u6a23\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u8a8d\u8b58\u300c\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u300d\u3002<br>Kant\u2019s central view is \u201ctranscendental idealism\u201d: the mind actively structures experience, so we know things as they appear to us, not things-in-themselves fully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5eb7\u5fb7\u7684\u91d1\u53e5\u53ef\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u662f\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u300d<br>Kant\u2019s key maxim may be summarized as: \u201cWe know phenomena, not things-in-themselves.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5eb7\u5fb7\u63d0\u9192\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u8207\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4eca\u5f77\u5f7f\u5c0d\u8457\u93e1\u5b50\u89c0\u770b\uff0c\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u300d\u76f8\u547c\u61c9\u3002<br>Kant reminds Christians that human reason is limited, which resonates with \u201cFor now we see only a reflection as in a mirror\u201d (1 Corinthians 13:12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u5eb7\u5fb7\u628a\u795e\u653e\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u7531\u7d14\u7406\u6027\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u8056\u7d93\u5247\u5ba3\u544a\u795e\u4e3b\u52d5\u555f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u771f\u5be6\u5730\u8a8d\u8b58\u7942\u3002<br>Yet Kant places God beyond the reach of pure theoretical reason, whereas Scripture declares that God actively reveals himself so people may truly know him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u81ea\u5f9e\u9020\u5929\u5730\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u6c38\u80fd\u548c\u795e\u6027\u662f\u773c\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u85c9\u8457\u6240\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66c9\u5f97\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7f85\u99ac\u66f8 1:20\uff09<br>\u201cFor since the creation of the world God\u2019s invisible qualities\u2014his eternal power and divine nature\u2014have been clearly seen.\u201d (Romans 1:20)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u9019\u6c38\u751f\u5c31\u662f\u8a8d\u8b58\u4f60\u7368\u4e00\u7684\u771f\u795e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a8d\u8b58\u4f60\u6240\u5dee\u4f86\u7684\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u300d\uff08\u7d04\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3 17:3\uff09<br>\u201cNow this is eternal life: that they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent.\u201d (John 17:3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8cbb\u5e0c\u7279 Fichte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cbb\u5e0c\u7279\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u300d\uff1a\u81ea\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u52d5\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3b\u52d5\u8a2d\u5b9a\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4e26\u85c9\u8457\u8207\u300c\u975e\u6211\u300d\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<br>Fichte\u2019s core idea is the \u201cabsolute I\u201d: the self is not passive but actively posits itself, and it forms experience through its opposition to the \u201cnon-I.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cbb\u5e0c\u7279\u7684\u91d1\u53e5\u53ef\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u8a2d\u5b9a\u81ea\u6211\u3002\u300d<br>Fichte\u2019s key maxim may be summarized as: \u201cThe I posits itself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cbb\u5e0c\u7279\u5f37\u8abf\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u8cac\u4efb\u8207\u4e3b\u52d5\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u53cd\u601d\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u6a5f\u68b0\u822c\u88ab\u547d\u904b\u63a8\u52d5\u7684\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u3002<br>Fichte emphasizes human freedom, responsibility, and agency, which can help Christians reflect on the fact that humans are not merely mechanical creatures driven by fate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6839\u57fa\uff1b\u4eba\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5275\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u795e\u5275\u9020\u3001\u7dad\u6301\u4e26\u547c\u53ec\u3002<br>But Christianity rejects the claim that human self-consciousness is the highest ground of being; humans do not create themselves but are created, sustained, and called by God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u795e\u5275\u9020\u5929\u5730\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5275\u4e16\u8a18 1:1\uff09<br>\u201cIn the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.\u201d (Genesis 1:1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u795e\u5c0d\u6469\u897f\u8aaa\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u662f\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u7684\u3002\u300f\u300d\uff08\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u8a18 3:14\uff09<br>\u201cGod said to Moses, \u2018I AM WHO I AM.\u2019\u201d (Exodus 3:14)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u300d\u53ea\u5c6c\u65bc\u795e\uff1b\u4eba\u7684\u300c\u6211\u300d\u96d6\u6709\u5c0a\u56b4\u8207\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u537b\u59cb\u7d42\u662f\u6709\u9650\u4e14\u53d7\u9020\u7684\u6211\u3002<br>In Scripture, self-existent being belongs to God alone; the human \u201cI\u201d has dignity and responsibility, yet remains finite and created.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8b1d\u6797 Schelling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b1d\u6797\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u540c\u4e00\u300d\uff1a\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\u8207\u5ba2\u9ad4\u5728\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u8005\u4e2d\u672c\u70ba\u4e00\u9ad4\u3002<br>Schelling\u2019s core idea is \u201cabsolute identity\u201d: spirit and nature, subject and object, are ultimately united within a deeper Absolute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b1d\u6797\u7684\u91d1\u53e5\u53ef\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u300d<br>Schelling\u2019s key maxim may be summarized as: \u201cNature is visible spirit; spirit is invisible nature.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b1d\u6797\u8b93\u4eba\u91cd\u65b0\u6ce8\u610f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6027\u3001\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u5967\u7955\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u8a69\u7bc7\u4e2d\u53d7\u9020\u754c\u8ff0\u8aaa\u795e\u69ae\u8000\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5171\u9cf4\u3002<br>Schelling draws renewed attention to nature\u2019s vitality, order, and mystery, which has some resonance with the Psalms\u2019 vision of creation declaring God\u2019s glory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u8af8\u5929\u8ff0\u8aaa\u795e\u7684\u69ae\u8000\uff1b\u7a79\u84bc\u50b3\u63da\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u300d\uff08\u8a69\u7bc7 19:1\uff09<br>\u201cThe heavens declare the glory of God; the skies proclaim the work of his hands.\u201d (Psalm 19:1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u8056\u7d93\u4e0d\u628a\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u795e\u6df7\u70ba\u4e00\u8ac7\uff1b\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u795e\u6240\u9020\u3001\u6307\u5411\u795e\u7684\u8a18\u865f\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u672c\u8eab\u3002<br>But Scripture does not identify nature with God; nature is created by God and points to God, but is not God himself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u4f60\u8d77\u521d\u7acb\u4e86\u5730\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff1b\u5929\u4e5f\u662f\u4f60\u624b\u6240\u9020\u7684\u2026\u2026\u4f60\u537b\u6c38\u4e0d\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u300d\uff08\u8a69\u7bc7 102:25\u201327\uff09<br>\u201cIn the beginning you laid the foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of your hands\u2026 But you remain the same.\u201d (Psalm 102:25\u201327)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u56e0\u6b64\u80af\u5b9a\u795e\u7684\u5167\u5728\u81e8\u5728\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u537b\u6301\u5b88\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u53d7\u9020\u4e16\u754c\u3002<br>Christianity therefore affirms God\u2019s presence and revelation in nature while maintaining that the Creator is eternally distinct from the created world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ed1\u683c\u723e Hegel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\u300d\uff1a\u771f\u7406\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u900f\u904e\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u885d\u7a81\u8207\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u81ea\u6211\u5c55\u958b\u3002<br>Hegel\u2019s core idea is \u201cAbsolute Spirit\u201d: truth and reality unfold through contradiction, conflict, and reconciliation throughout history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u5e38\u88ab\u7c21\u5316\u6210\u300c\u6b63\u2014\u53cd\u2014\u5408\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u662f\u300c\u8faf\u8b49\u904b\u52d5\u300d\u8207\u300c\u63da\u68c4\u300d\uff1a\u820a\u968e\u6bb5\u65e2\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u53c8\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c64\u6b21\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u8207\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002<br>Hegel is often simplified as \u201cthesis\u2013antithesis\u2013synthesis,\u201d but the more accurate ideas are dialectical movement and \u201csublation\u201d: an earlier stage is negated, preserved, and surpassed at a higher level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u7684\u91d1\u53e5\u53ef\u6982\u62ec\u70ba\uff1a\u300c\u771f\u7406\u662f\u6574\u9ad4\u3002\u300d<br>Hegel\u2019s key maxim may be summarized as: \u201cThe true is the whole.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u770b\u91cd\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3001\u95dc\u4fc2\u8207\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u770b\u898b\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u5167\u5fc3\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u95dc\u4e4e\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3001\u793e\u6703\u8207\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<br>Hegel values development, relation, and reconciliation in history, which can help Christians see that faith concerns not only private inward feeling but also community, society, and history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u5bb9\u6613\u628a\u795e\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6f38\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u7cbe\u795e\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u8056\u7d93\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6b77\u53f2\u6216\u4eba\u985e\u610f\u8b58\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u795e\u3002<br>Yet Hegel can be read as treating God as \u201cAbsolute Spirit\u201d progressively attaining self-consciousness in history, whereas the biblical God does not depend on history or human consciousness in order to become God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u795e\u4e0d\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u670d\u4e8b\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u7f3a\u5c11\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1b\u81ea\u5df1\u5012\u5c07\u751f\u547d\u3001\u6c23\u606f\u3001\u842c\u7269\uff0c\u8cdc\u7d66\u842c\u4eba\u3002\u300d\uff08\u4f7f\u5f92\u884c\u50b3 17:25\uff09<br>\u201cHe is not served by human hands, as if he needed anything. Rather, he himself gives everyone life and breath and everything else.\u201d (Acts 17:25)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u8036\u7a4c\u57fa\u7763\u6628\u65e5\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u3001\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u6c38\u9060\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u3002\u300d\uff08\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u66f8 13:8\uff09<br>\u201cJesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.\u201d (Hebrews 13:8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8056\u7d93\u627f\u8a8d\u6551\u8d16\u6b77\u53f2\u771f\u5be6\u5730\u5c55\u958b\uff0c\u4f46\u795e\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3001\u4fe1\u5be6\u8207\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u6b77\u53f2\u8faf\u8b49\u5730\u4fee\u6b63\u6216\u8d85\u8d8a\u3002<br>Scripture affirms that redemptive history genuinely unfolds, but God\u2019s nature, faithfulness, and truth are not dialectically revised or surpassed by history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6838\u5fc3\u5c0d\u7167<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5eb7\u5fb7\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u80fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u300d\uff1b\u8056\u7d93\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u795e\u80fd\u4e26\u4e14\u5df2\u7d93\u555f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u300d<br>Kant asks, \u201cHow much can human reason know?\u201d; Scripture answers, \u201cHuman reason is limited, but God can and has revealed himself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8cbb\u5e0c\u7279\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u6211\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff1f\u300d\uff1b\u8056\u7d93\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u662f\u6309\u795e\u5f62\u8c61\u88ab\u9020\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u5728\u795e\u9762\u524d\u56de\u61c9\u7942\u3002\u300d<br>Fichte asks, \u201cHow does the self become free?\u201d; Scripture answers, \u201cHumanity is created in God\u2019s image, and true freedom is responsive life before God.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8b1d\u6797\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u5982\u4f55\u7d71\u4e00\uff1f\u300d\uff1b\u8056\u7d93\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u986f\u660e\u795e\u7684\u69ae\u8000\uff0c\u4f46\u795e\u6c38\u9060\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e26\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u81ea\u7136\u3002\u300d<br>Schelling asks, \u201cHow are nature and spirit unified?\u201d; Scripture answers, \u201cNature reveals God\u2019s glory, yet God eternally transcends and differs from nature.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\u5411\u771f\u7406\u8207\u548c\u89e3\uff1f\u300d\uff1b\u8056\u7d93\u56de\u7b54\uff1a\u300c\u6b77\u53f2\u6709\u795e\u7684\u6551\u8d16\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u7d42\u6975\u771f\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u6b77\u53f2\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c38\u6d3b\u7684\u795e\u8207\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u300d<br>Hegel asks, \u201cHow does history move toward truth and reconciliation?\u201d; Scripture answers, \u201cHistory has a redemptive direction under God, but ultimate truth is not history itself; it is the living God and Christ, the Word made flesh.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u53e5\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5fb7\u570b\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u5f80\u5f80\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u51fa\u767c\u5c0b\u627e\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u300d\uff1b\u8056\u7d93\u5247\u5f9e\u90a3\u4f4d\u81ea\u6709\u6c38\u6709\u3001\u5275\u9020\u842c\u6709\u4e26\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u88e1\u4e3b\u52d5\u555f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u795e\u51fa\u767c\u3002<br>German Idealism often seeks \u201cthe Absolute\u201d through human reason, selfhood, nature, or history; Scripture begins with the self-existent God who created all things and actively revealed himself in Christ.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7e3d\u89bd \u5fb7\u570b\u552f\u5fc3\u8ad6\u56db\u5927\u5929\u738b\u901a\u5e38\u6307\uff1a\u5eb7\u5fb7\u3001\u8cbb\u5e0c\u7279\u3001\u8b1d\u6797\u3001\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u8a66\u5716\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3001\u4e3b\u9ad4\u610f\u8b58\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u6b77\u53f2\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u7d55\u5c0d\u8005\u300d\u3002The four major figures of German Idealism are usually Kant, Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel; each sought to understand \u201cthe Absolute\u201d through human reason, subjectivity, nature, or history. \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5247\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u4e3b\u8207\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u7684\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u8d77\u9ede\uff1a\u795e\u5148\u65bc\u4eba\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e26\u4e3b\u52d5\u85c9\u5275\u9020\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u8207\u57fa\u7763\u555f\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u3002Christian faith begins with the distinction between Creator and creation: God exists prior to humanity and freely reveals himself through creation, Scripture, and Christ.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=219"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":220,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions\/220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bible365.club\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}